Increasing vehicle autonomy has been predicted by many commentators to offer the potential for a huge step change in road safety performance. Such systems will be constantly vigilant, will always respect the rules of the road and will never be tired or drunk. However, the evidence available remains very limited and most studies use only simplistic assumptions to quantify the expected effects. It is also likely that the technology will not be perfect and interactions with humans during a transition phase of mixed vehicle types and various stages of partial autonomy might create new risks. Thatcham has been working with the British motor insurers to investigate the potential effects of autonomous vehicles on motor claims. Changes in regulations and vehicle performance are under discussion, and Thatcham is contributing to the debate from a technical and safety standpoint.